Vitamins & minerals

Vitamins B and C: metabolism and renewal

Thiamine, or vitamin B1, contributes to carbohydrate metabolism. Vitamin B6 participates in normal nervous-system function and red blood cell formation. Folates, grouped under vitamin B9, are involved in cell division; folic acid is a form used in fortification and supplements. Vitamin C contributes to collagen formation and supports absorption of dietary non-haem iron. These are different biochemical roles, which give a more precise meaning to a B-complex or vitamin C formula than a broad vitality label.

Fat-soluble vitamins and bone tissue

Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble, whereas vitamin C and B vitamins are water-soluble. Vitamin A is associated with functions including vision, while vitamin E contributes to protection of cells against oxidative stress. Vitamin D is involved in the absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus, both constituents of bone tissue. These relationships explain nutrient combinations through complementary functions. The vitamin’s identity remains distinct from the food matrix used to carry it in a particular preparation.

Magnesium, calcium and trace elements

Magnesium participates in numerous enzyme reactions and neuromuscular functions. Calcium has a structural role in bones and teeth and contributes to muscle contraction. Iron forms part of haemoglobin involved in oxygen transport. Iodine is a constituent of thyroid hormones. Zinc participates in cell division, while selenium contributes to protecting cells against oxidative stress. These trace elements bring further, distinct functions to a combined preparation rather than making all minerals interchangeable nutritional ingredients.

Single nutrients and combined formulas

A supplement may provide one vitamin or combine several micronutrients. Ascorbic acid for vitamin C, magnesium or calcium salts and different forms of vitamin D identify specific ingredients. Capsules, effervescent preparations and oil-based liquids use different food matrices. Formulation combines the nutrient with technological ingredients, while the nutrient’s properties concern its nutritional role and the documented conditions of the formula. The preparation therefore has both a nutrient composition and a physical form, which answer different questions.

Frequently asked questions